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Autism, a neurological and developmental disorder, affects countless individuals worldwide. Its impacts can be seen in social interaction, communication abilities, and specific repetitive behaviors. Though often diagnosed in childhood, many adults, particularly women and gender-nonconforming individuals, might not receive a diagnosis until much later in life. For some, the revelation doesn’t come until their 30s or even beyond.
Autism's complexity transcends the simple diagnostic criteria found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) of the American Psychiatric Association. Dr. Carla M. Shuman, a seasoned clinical psychologist working extensively with the autistic and neurodivergent community, emphasizes that autism goes beyond the stereotypical perceptions of non-existent eye contact or challenges in socializing.
With her vast experience, Dr. Shuman highlights five often overlooked signs of autism:
1. Constant Feeling of Being Misunderstood:
Many individuals with autism constantly grapple with social misunderstandings, feeling as though they've unintentionally offended others. For instance, they might not recognize that they're dominating a conversation or invading someone's personal space. Their passionate dive into specific subjects can sometimes make them oblivious to the cues suggesting others might want to switch topics.
2. Challenges in Casual Conversations:
While the intensity can vary, as autism is a spectrum, many face hurdles in initiating or maintaining casual chats. They might find it arduous to engage in small talk during social events like work gatherings or casual get-togethers.
3. Agitation from Disruptions in Routine:
Any disruption to their daily routine can lead to heightened emotional responses in those with autism. The inherent inflexibility associated with autism means these individuals might become unusually upset or irritated when confronted with unexpected changes.
4. Sensory Sensitivities:
Sensory issues, though not explicitly mentioned in the DSM-5 criteria, are prevalent among those with autism. These sensitivities can range from noise disturbances, prompting some to resort to noise-canceling headphones in bustling environments, to aversions against specific textures in clothing.
5. Fatigue from Constant "Masking":
"Masking" is a phenomenon where autistic individuals mimic social cues, essentially pretending to be someone they're not to fit into society's mold. This act of continuous adaptation is especially common among autistic women. However, this constant effort to blend in, while it might seem seamless on the outside, can be mentally draining. It forces individuals to act counter-intuitively, sapping their energy.
Recognizing these signs can be the first step towards understanding and empathizing with those on the autism spectrum. After all, awareness and acceptance pave the way for a more inclusive society, ensuring everyone feels valued and understood.